The easiest way to take care of your health
Do blood tests regularly, get doctor's recommendations and an action plan in one convenient platform!
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Simple process for everyone
#1 Registration
Select a plan and register in the system. Choose the nearest clinic of our partners and a convenient time for a visit.
#2 Blood sample
Give a blood sample at our partner clinic. The results of the test will be uploaded to the VOW Health system. There you will be able to get explanations on those results in an understandable way and observe the changes in your health condition.
#3 Doctor's feedback
The VOW Health doctor will analyze the results and comment on them or ask intermediate questions. It will also provide a further individual action plan specifically for you. After 6 months or less the test will be repeated and you will receive new doctor's recommendations and an assessment of how your health has improved.
Plans
Basic
€44.99
10% cheaper!
€49.99 test
Blood test done every:
3 MONTHS
6 MONTHS
For those who want to check their health often and get medical advice every month
For those who want to maintain their health in check and follow the changes after receiving a doctor’s action plan
Normal frequency balanced for healthy individuals who want to get enough information to avoid major health problems
All key health indicators balanced for adults
In total 26 blood test marker
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Most chronic diseases and other health disorders can be identified
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You can cancel your subscription at any time
The doctor's comment and action plan are included in the cost of the plan
Markers
Cholesterol (CHOL)
Total cholesterol is the sum of blood cholesterol. The cholesterol test helps identify possible narrowing or occlusion of the arteries (atherosclerosis). High cholesterol is often a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease. Cholesterol testing is important because high levels of it usually do not cause any symptoms. A comprehensive cholesterol test is performed to determine if cholesterol is high and to assess the risk of developing heart attacks and other cardiovascular diseases.
HDL (DTL) cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is also called "good" cholesterol because it helps eliminate "bad" cholesterol, thus keeping the arteries open and allowing blood to flow freely.
LDL (MTL) cholesterol
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is also called "bad" cholesterol. Too much of it in the blood causes the accumulation of fat deposits (plaques) in the arteries (atherosclerosis), which reduces blood flow. These plaques can rupture and cause a heart attack or stroke.
Serum glucose (GLU)
Glucose is your body’s main source of energy, which comes from the carbohydrates you consume. Blood sugar is usually controlled by a hormone called insulin. However, if you have diabetes, your body either does not make enough insulin or the insulin produced does not work properly. As a result, sugar builds up in the blood. Elevated blood sugar levels left untreated can cause serious organ damage. This test can also detect low blood glucose, which can also cause damage to the body.
Triglycerides (TG)
Triglycerides are lipids we call fats. They are the main source of fatty acids and energy for the body. Triglycerides enter the body through food or are produced by the body itself. In adipose tissue, they make up as much as 60-85% of the total volume. Fatty acids are essential for the body's processes, but too much triglyceride in the blood increases the risk of a heart attack.
Alaninaminotransferase (ALT)
ALT is an enzyme found in the liver. When liver cells are damaged, they secrete ALT into the blood. High levels of ALT in the blood may indicate liver failure even before signs of liver disease appear, so an ALT blood test may be useful for early detection of liver disease.
Aspartateaminotransferase (AST)
Doctors usually prescribe an AST test to check the condition of the liver. This test is usually given in combination with ALT. If the AST level is abnormal and the ALT level is normal, the problem is more likely due to a disorder of the heart or muscular system than because of the liver. In some cases, the ratio of AST to ALT may help diagnose certain liver diseases.
Creatinine (CREA)
Creatinine is a product of the body's waste in the blood that results from muscle activity. It is usually removed from the blood by the kidneys, but creatinine levels increase as kidney function slows down. Screen reader support enabled.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFG)
Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) indicates whether your kidneys are working well. eGFR is calculated from blood creatinine. If it does not meet the standards, your doctor will advise you to see a Nephrologist who will perform a more detailed examination.
Thyrotropic hormone (TSH, TTH)
The synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones are regulated by the thyrotropic (TTH) hormone. It is one of the most important indicators of thyroid function and the first study needed to assess the overall condition and activity of the thyroid gland. Elevated TTH levels indicate thyroid insufficiency, which may be associated with pituitary tumors, increased cholesterol, etc. Decreased TTH is an indicator of thyroid hyperfunction that may be associated with pituitary tumors, trauma, chronic diseases, etc
WBC (leukocytes)
Leukocytes, called white blood cells, are an expression of the body's immune system's response to a possible disease. An increase in their concentration suggests that an inflammatory process, such as a bacterial infection, is being fought by the immune system. In some cases, changes in leukocyte counts, usually a marked increase, suggest the presence of an oncological blood disease.
RBC (erythrocytes)
Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, carry oxygen and other blood gases. When the number of red blood cells in the blood increases, it indicates that the internal organs are not supplied with enough oxygen, which can be caused by various heart, lung, kidney diseases, hormonal imbalances, or dehydration, so a more detailed examination is necessary. Decreased erythrocyte counts are characteristic of anemia, which can also have a variety of causes, such as iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, and various other chronic or parasitic diseases, so more research is needed to determine the true cause of the red blood cell count.
HGB (hemoglobin)
Hemoglobin is closely linked to erythrocytes, a protein that supplies oxygen to the body's tissues. Usually, it is the decrease in hemoglobin that is the first signal to suspect anemia, usually iron deficiency, because the hemoglobin in the blood decreases much faster than erythrocytes, and iron is one of its most important components.
HCT (hematocrit)
The hematocrit index shows what percentage of the total blood volume is taken up by blood cells. The hematocrit value is directly related to the number of erythrocytes, as erythrocytes make up 99.8% of all blood cells. Increased hematocrit means an increase in blood viscosity (more erythrocytes, less liquid in the plasma). This makes the work of the heart very difficult. Decreased hematocrit indicates a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the blood, which usually means anemia.
MCV (mean erythrocyte volume)
An important indicator for the classification of anemia and treatment follow-up. MCV rises due to vitamin B12, folic acid deficiency, in the presence of toxic liver damage. A slight increase is caused by smoking, alcohol, use of contraceptives. In chronic anemia, long-term Fe deficiency, MCV decreases with lead poisoning.
MCH (mean hemoglobin content erythrocytes)
An important indicator for the classification of anemias. MCH decreases and increases along with MCV. Liver damage, parasites in the intestine, stomach diseases, vegetarian food, chronic alcoholism increase the rate, and iron deficiency, chronic inflammation, tumors, tuberculosis - decrease.
MCHC (mean hemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes)
Increases very rarely decrease when hemoglobin synthesis is impaired. MCHC changes are a sign of severe conditions or a pre-analysis / measurement error.
RDW (erythrocyte distribution according to size)
The difference between the smallest and largest erythrocyte is anisocytosis. Its causes are anemia, reaction to iron treatment (many normal and small red blood cells appear), frequent blood transfusions.
PLT (platelets)
Platelets are the smallest particles in the blood that are responsible for blood clotting. Increases in their concentrations can be caused by a variety of factors, from stress and increased physical activity to chronic infections and oncological diseases. Decreases in platelet counts can also be caused by a variety of health conditions. Often, the decrease in these blood particles is caused by the use of medications and hormonal preparations, as well as viral or oncological diseases.
MPV (mean platelet volume)
Younger platelets are larger as they mature - their MPA decreases. MPV decreases with increasing platelet count and MPV increases with decreasing platelet count. If this balance is upset, it can be a sign of a serious illness.
NE (neutrophils)
Neutrophils are the highest concentration of leukocytes, whose main function is to fight infection. Infections of neutrophils are usually caused by infectious diseases, but increases in the concentration of these particles can also be observed in connective tissue or malignancies following myocardial infarction and lead poisoning. Decreased neutrophil counts are rare in adults and are usually caused by viral infections, vitamin B12, folic acid deficiency, radiation, or malignancies.
LY (lymphocytes)
Lymphocytes are extremely important, up to 30%. leukocyte-forming cells, whose main function is to form the body's immune system. Increases in the number of lymphocytes in the blood are usually caused by viral as well as chronic infections such as tuberculosis, syphilis, or brucellosis. However, some viral infections, such as HIV, hepatitis, or influenza, can cause a decrease in lymphocyte counts. Zinc deficiency, protein loss, radiation, chemotherapy, immunosuppressants can also lead to a decrease in their number.
MO (monocytes)
Performs the role of macrophages, has high activity in the inactivation of toxins formed in inflammatory foci, participates in the formation of antibodies, cytokines. TB, paratyphoid infection, syphilis, chronic inflammation, monocytic leukemia, tumors especially increase the number of MOs. Monocyte proliferation in the recovery period after infections is a good prognosis.
EO (eosinophils)
An increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood makes it possible to suspect a possible allergic reaction, especially a drug as well as a parasitic infection, some diseases of the skin, and connective tissue, such as rheumatoid arthritis, adrenal insufficiency.
BA (basophils)
These blood cells are involved in rapid allergic reactions, during which the concentration of basophils is significantly increased. This makes you suspect an allergy to medications, food, or other household stimuli. In contrast, basophil counts decline in potentially rheumatoid arthritis under high stress in women during ovulation.
Potassium (K)
Potassium is a vital trace element that ensures the normal response of nerve and muscle cells to external stimuli, the transmission of nerve impulses in the human body. Extracellular potassium is important for normal carbohydrate and protein metabolism. In a healthy person, a constant serum potassium level is maintained. Changes in potassium balance can lead to disorders of the heart, kidneys, muscles, nervous and digestive systems, and the development of various diseases. Potassium test is usually performed to assess electrolyte balance in cardiovascular disease, renal failure.
POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY
Anemia
Infections
Allergies
Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
Liver disease
Kidney issues
Hypothyroidism
Thyrotoxicosis
Electrolyte balance
Vit. D hypovitaminosis
And many other problems...
Markers
Cholesterol (CHOL)
Total cholesterol is the sum of blood cholesterol. The cholesterol test helps identify possible narrowing or occlusion of the arteries (atherosclerosis). High cholesterol is often a significant risk factor for coronary artery disease. Cholesterol testing is important because high levels of it usually do not cause any symptoms. A comprehensive cholesterol test is performed to determine if cholesterol is high and to assess the risk of developing heart attacks and other cardiovascular diseases.
HDL (DTL) cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is also called "good" cholesterol because it helps eliminate "bad" cholesterol, thus keeping the arteries open and allowing blood to flow freely.
LDL (MTL) cholesterol
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol is also called "bad" cholesterol. Too much of it in the blood causes the accumulation of fat deposits (plaques) in the arteries (atherosclerosis), which reduces blood flow. These plaques can rupture and cause a heart attack or stroke.
Serum glucose (GLU)
Glucose is your body’s main source of energy, which comes from the carbohydrates you consume. Blood sugar is usually controlled by a hormone called insulin. However, if you have diabetes, your body either does not make enough insulin or the insulin produced does not work properly. As a result, sugar builds up in the blood. Elevated blood sugar levels left untreated can cause serious organ damage. This test can also detect low blood glucose, which can also cause damage to the body.
Triglycerides (TG)
Triglycerides are lipids we call fats. They are the main source of fatty acids and energy for the body. Triglycerides enter the body through food or are produced by the body itself. In adipose tissue, they make up as much as 60-85% of the total volume. Fatty acids are essential for the body's processes, but too much triglyceride in the blood increases the risk of a heart attack.
Alaninaminotransferase (ALT)
ALT is an enzyme found in the liver. When liver cells are damaged, they secrete ALT into the blood. High levels of ALT in the blood may indicate liver failure even before signs of liver disease appear, so an ALT blood test may be useful for early detection of liver disease.
Aspartateaminotransferase (AST)
Doctors usually prescribe an AST test to check the condition of the liver. This test is usually given in combination with ALT. If the AST level is abnormal and the ALT level is normal, the problem is more likely due to a disorder of the heart or muscular system than because of the liver. In some cases, the ratio of AST to ALT may help diagnose certain liver diseases.
Creatinine (CREA)
Creatinine is a product of the body's waste in the blood that results from muscle activity. It is usually removed from the blood by the kidneys, but creatinine levels increase as kidney function slows down. Screen reader support enabled.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFG)
Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) indicates whether your kidneys are working well. eGFR is calculated from blood creatinine. If it does not meet the standards, your doctor will advise you to see a Nephrologist who will perform a more detailed examination.
Thyrotropic hormone (TSH, TTH)
The synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones are regulated by the thyrotropic (TTH) hormone. It is one of the most important indicators of thyroid function and the first study needed to assess the overall condition and activity of the thyroid gland. Elevated TTH levels indicate thyroid insufficiency, which may be associated with pituitary tumors, increased cholesterol, etc. Decreased TTH is an indicator of thyroid hyperfunction that may be associated with pituitary tumors, trauma, chronic diseases, etc
WBC (leukocytes)
Leukocytes, called white blood cells, are an expression of the body's immune system's response to a possible disease. An increase in their concentration suggests that an inflammatory process, such as a bacterial infection, is being fought by the immune system. In some cases, changes in leukocyte counts, usually a marked increase, suggest the presence of an oncological blood disease.
RBC (erythrocytes)
Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, carry oxygen and other blood gases. When the number of red blood cells in the blood increases, it indicates that the internal organs are not supplied with enough oxygen, which can be caused by various heart, lung, kidney diseases, hormonal imbalances, or dehydration, so a more detailed examination is necessary. Decreased erythrocyte counts are characteristic of anemia, which can also have a variety of causes, such as iron, vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, and various other chronic or parasitic diseases, so more research is needed to determine the true cause of the red blood cell count.
HGB (hemoglobin)
Hemoglobin is closely linked to erythrocytes, a protein that supplies oxygen to the body's tissues. Usually, it is the decrease in hemoglobin that is the first signal to suspect anemia, usually iron deficiency, because the hemoglobin in the blood decreases much faster than erythrocytes, and iron is one of its most important components.
HCT (hematocrit)
The hematocrit index shows what percentage of the total blood volume is taken up by blood cells. The hematocrit value is directly related to the number of erythrocytes, as erythrocytes make up 99.8% of all blood cells. Increased hematocrit means an increase in blood viscosity (more erythrocytes, less liquid in the plasma). This makes the work of the heart very difficult. Decreased hematocrit indicates a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the blood, which usually means anemia.
MCV (mean erythrocyte volume)
An important indicator for the classification of anemia and treatment follow-up. MCV rises due to vitamin B12, folic acid deficiency, in the presence of toxic liver damage. A slight increase is caused by smoking, alcohol, use of contraceptives. In chronic anemia, long-term Fe deficiency, MCV decreases with lead poisoning.
MCH (mean hemoglobin content erythrocytes)
An important indicator for the classification of anemias. MCH decreases and increases along with MCV. Liver damage, parasites in the intestine, stomach diseases, vegetarian food, chronic alcoholism increase the rate, and iron deficiency, chronic inflammation, tumors, tuberculosis - decrease.
MCHC (mean hemoglobin concentration in erythrocytes)
Increases very rarely decrease when hemoglobin synthesis is impaired. MCHC changes are a sign of severe conditions or a pre-analysis / measurement error.
RDW (erythrocyte distribution according to size)
The difference between the smallest and largest erythrocyte is anisocytosis. Its causes are anemia, reaction to iron treatment (many normal and small red blood cells appear), frequent blood transfusions.
PLT (platelets)
Platelets are the smallest particles in the blood that are responsible for blood clotting. Increases in their concentrations can be caused by a variety of factors, from stress and increased physical activity to chronic infections and oncological diseases. Decreases in platelet counts can also be caused by a variety of health conditions. Often, the decrease in these blood particles is caused by the use of medications and hormonal preparations, as well as viral or oncological diseases.
MPV (mean platelet volume)
Younger platelets are larger as they mature - their MPA decreases. MPV decreases with increasing platelet count and MPV increases with decreasing platelet count. If this balance is upset, it can be a sign of a serious illness.
NE (neutrophils)
Neutrophils are the highest concentration of leukocytes, whose main function is to fight infection. Infections of neutrophils are usually caused by infectious diseases, but increases in the concentration of these particles can also be observed in connective tissue or malignancies following myocardial infarction and lead poisoning. Decreased neutrophil counts are rare in adults and are usually caused by viral infections, vitamin B12, folic acid deficiency, radiation, or malignancies.
LY (lymphocytes)
Lymphocytes are extremely important, up to 30%. leukocyte-forming cells, whose main function is to form the body's immune system. Increases in the number of lymphocytes in the blood are usually caused by viral as well as chronic infections such as tuberculosis, syphilis, or brucellosis. However, some viral infections, such as HIV, hepatitis, or influenza, can cause a decrease in lymphocyte counts. Zinc deficiency, protein loss, radiation, chemotherapy, immunosuppressants can also lead to a decrease in their number.
MO (monocytes)
Performs the role of macrophages, has high activity in the inactivation of toxins formed in inflammatory foci, participates in the formation of antibodies, cytokines. TB, paratyphoid infection, syphilis, chronic inflammation, monocytic leukemia, tumors especially increase the number of MOs. Monocyte proliferation in the recovery period after infections is a good prognosis.
EO (eosinophils)
An increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood makes it possible to suspect a possible allergic reaction, especially a drug as well as a parasitic infection, some diseases of the skin, and connective tissue, such as rheumatoid arthritis, adrenal insufficiency.
BA (basophils)
These blood cells are involved in rapid allergic reactions, during which the concentration of basophils is significantly increased. This makes you suspect an allergy to medications, food, or other household stimuli. In contrast, basophil counts decline in potentially rheumatoid arthritis under high stress in women during ovulation.
Potassium (K)
Potassium is a vital trace element that ensures the normal response of nerve and muscle cells to external stimuli, the transmission of nerve impulses in the human body. Extracellular potassium is important for normal carbohydrate and protein metabolism. In a healthy person, a constant serum potassium level is maintained. Changes in potassium balance can lead to disorders of the heart, kidneys, muscles, nervous and digestive systems, and the development of various diseases. Potassium test is usually performed to assess electrolyte balance in cardiovascular disease, renal failure.
POSSIBLE TO IDENTIFY
Anemia
Infections
Allergies
Diabetes
Cardiovascular disease
Liver disease
Kidney issues
Hypothyroidism
Thyrotoxicosis
Electrolyte balance
Vit. D hypovitaminosis
And many other problems...
Partner clinics
Testimonials of our customers
Our doctors will take care of your health
Understandable results
Get clear answers instead of hard-to-understand number lines in PDFs
Personalized action plan
Don't google the meaning of one or another test result - your VOW Health doctor will write down exactly what you need to do
Track dynamics
See changing health outcomes on a clear graph instead of comparing two printed sheets of results
Health Insurance
Did the workplace buy private health insurance for you? The cost line for preventive testing may cover your order placed on the VOW Health platform
Understandable results
Get clear answers instead of hard-to-understand number lines in PDFs
Personalized action plan
Don't google the meaning of one or another test result - your VOW Health doctor will write down exactly what you need to do
Track dynamics
See changing health outcomes on a clear graph instead of comparing two printed sheets of results
Health Insurance
Did the workplace buy private health insurance for you? The cost line for preventive testing may cover your order placed on the VOW Health platform
Your data is secure
We use the latest cryptographic technologies for data protection and comply with all GDRP and other European Union data protection requirements.
Licence of medical institution
We are an accredited health care institution, license number 4561. Therefore, our doctors work following all legal requirements.
Other plans
Optimal Plus
"Optimal Plus" screening program shows anemia and the risk of developing it, helps to differentiate between bacterial and viral infections, and detects the inflammatory process. It also helps in timely diagnosis of rheumatic, infectious, connective tissue diseases, diabetes, liver damage, changes in thyroid function, risk of cardiovascular disease. This plan will also determine the amount of vitamin D, the concentration of minerals needed for the normal functioning of many vital reactions.
Longevity test
For everyone who wants to live up to 100 years old or more. It contains the most important indicators that help to ensure well-being and longevity.
Stress
As soon as you wake up, your thoughts immediately go to work, and you can only escape from them when you fall asleep. Do you recognize yourself? Then this package is for you
Sport
Running, riding a bike, or moving weights every day? Then we suggest choosing this plan because sports can not only strengthen, but also weaken the body's systems
Heart diseases
Find out what your blood says about the condition of your heart and whether it’s really worth eating today an egg with that bacon
Blood disease prevention
Blood is not just the fluid flowing through our blood vessels. It is a much more subtle substance that is important to maintain in normal for the body to function like a newly turned clock.
Hormone disease prevention
The thyroid gland and the hormones it secretes are the navigation of our body that affects most of the organs. So explore the balance of these hormones so you don’t get stuck in a dead end.
Diabetes
Control diabetes quickly and conveniently, get tested now.
Digestive disease prevention
Do you often think it would be great to have a fire extinguisher nearby to put out raging heartburn? Maybe the liver started to remind itself more often? We recommend examining your body's power plant - the digestive system.
Muscoskeletal disease prevention
The joints and muscles allow us to move. Let us be grateful to that and take proper care of it, at least as often as in her car.
Urinary system
The kidneys are a filter in our body, which is important to monitor regularly and ensure that it does not clog. We recommend that you do this as well.
Ultra Runners
Running 100 km seems like a suicide to some, but to you like a wonderful weekend. Choose this plan - according to it you will be able to adjust the most suitable diet to sustain energy levels and a healthy body. These tests take approximately a week to complete.
Runners
Saturday morning in the park with running shoes is the best morning? In this case, our doctors recommend adding this plan as well. These tests take approximately a week to complete.
Optimal Plus
from €34.99
/ For one blood test
Ferritin (FERRI)
Ferritin is a blood protein that contains iron. A ferritin test helps your doctor understand how much iron your body is accumulating. If a ferritin test shows that your blood ferritin levels are lower than they should, it indicates that your body has low levels of iron and you have an iron deficiency that needs to be corrected.
CRB - C reactive protein
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a substance produced by the liver in response to inflammation. High levels of CRP in the blood are a sign of inflammation. This can lead to a wide range of conditions, from infection to tumor processes, so a more detailed examination is needed in the presence of an elevated CRP marker.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus and protects bones from thinning, osteoporosis and rickets. Vit. D is involved in growth and maturation processes, is crucial for the body's immunity - studies show that vit. D reduces the risk of allergies, diabetes, kidney, autoimmune and heart disease, respiratory infections, and even malignancies. Overdose vit. D may develop hypercalcemia, kidney disease, atherosclerosis. You may also suffer from fatigue, weight fluctuations, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. It is essential that you do not take vit for at least 3 days before the test. D supplements because they may distort the results of a laboratory blood test.
Magnesium (Mg)
Excess magnesium can be detected in kidney failure. In case of magnesium deficiency, nerve and muscle function is impaired, which is characterized by increased irritability, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness.
Calcium (Ca)
Calcium is one of the most important minerals in the human body, contained in the bones, involved in the process of blood clotting, important in the use of iron in hematopoiesis, necessary for the normal functioning of the nervous system, heart, and other muscles. When calcium levels fall, osteoporosis and rickets develop.
Natrium (Na)
Natrium is one of the main cationic electrolytes in the body, it helps to control the amount of water in the body, ensures smooth muscle and nerve activity. We get natrium with food and drink, and eliminate it with urine and sweat. Disorders of natrium levels in the blood are usually due to excessive salt intake, insufficient water intake, chronic kidney disease, diarrhea, vomiting. There is scientific evidence that high natrium concentrations influence the development of autoimmune diseases.
Longevity test
from €300
/ For one blood test
IG (immature granulocytes %)
Granulocytes are blood cells, a subset of leukocytes with a granular structure. They are of two types: adult and immature - only released bone marrow cells, produced in small quantities to replace old forms when there is a lack of mature cells in the blood or a sudden increase in the body's need for leukocytes. When large amounts of immature granulocytes are seen in a blood test, it means that the immune system is under the influence of a pathogenic environment - usually caused by infectious diseases, allergic reactions, inflammatory processes and autoimmune disorders.
Homocysteine
Homocysteine is a protein that has a significant effect on the circulatory system. Elevated plasma concentrations of homocysteine are considered to be risk factors for arterial wall damage and vascular disease, especially cardiac, cerebral and peripheral circulatory diseases, as well as cancer, diabetes, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and others.
Glycosylated hemoglobin % (HbA1c)
Glycosylated hemoglobin shows the average blood glucose level in the last 4-8 weeks. This test is more accurate and valuable than a regular test for blood glucose. Hemoglobin is a blood protein that, when blood glucose levels rise, it binds to hemoglobin throughout its life. The glycosylated hemoglobin test is valuable for the long-term control of diabetes because the higher its blood levels, the greater the risk of diabetic complications. It is recommended that people with diabetes be tested at least 4 times a year.
Cortisol (COR in the morning)
Cortisol performs several functions in the body: stimulates the release of glucose, stimulates metabolism and their breakdown, the nervous system's response to stressors, inhibits inflammation, stimulates the secretion of gastric juice. Accidental determination of cortisol levels can be misleading, especially if it is determined without regard to emotional stress, hypoglycemia, the possibility of pregnancy, or if interpreted without regard to diurnal fluctuations. In the morning, the maximum cortisol concentration is determined.
P-amylase (pancreatic amylase)
Pancreatic amylase is a pancreatic enzyme that increases in acute or exacerbated chronic pancreatitis. Why does pancreatitis increase the amount of enzymes? Because the onset of inflammation initiates an auto-digestive process (pathological) that forces the pancreas to secrete amylase and lipase. Pancreatic amylase is important in that it is the most specific indicator in diagnosing pancreatitis. This means that it increases only in the presence of pancreatic injury, and in other conditions, its conc. remains normal. This facilitates and accelerates the diagnosis of pancreatitis.
Progesterone (PGN)
Progesterone is one of the female sex hormones. When a woman is not pregnant, it is produced by the ovaries, and during pregnancy, this function is taken over by the placenta. The adrenal glands also make small amounts of progesterone, which is why not only women but also men have it. Progesterone tests in women are usually performed to investigate the causes of infertility, determine the day of ovulation, and assess the course of pregnancy. This is also important for men as this hormone regulates sperm production and the production of another hormone, testosterone.
Testosterone (TTE)
Testosterone is the main male sex hormone. It is produced in the testicles and in small amounts in the adrenal glands (so small amounts of this hormone are also found in the blood of women). This hormone is responsible for the development of male genitals and traits such as: testicular, prostate development, sperm quality, libido, male hairiness, voice mutation, fertility. It is important for women to test for this hormone conc. when there are masculine features: increased body hair, low voice, etc.
Estradiol (E2)
Estradiol is the main female sex hormone. When a woman is not pregnant, it is produced by the ovaries, and during pregnancy by the placenta. There is also a small amount of this hormone produced in the testicles of men. Estradiol is responsible for women's sexual development, fertility, pregnancy and childbirth. In men, this hormone is important for sperm production.
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-SO4)
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO4) is one of the male hormones secreted by the adrenal glands (thats why is also present in the blood of women). This hormone is needed to make other hormones, testosterone and estrogen. DHEA-SO4 also contributes to the development of male sexual traits. This hormone is tested in conjunction with the above. For women, its examination is especially important in the presence of impaired menstruation, increased hairiness, acne, and infertility.
Sex Hormone Binding Globin (SHBG)
Sex hormone-binding globin (SHBG) is a protein that binds testosterone and estradiol in the blood and thus maintains a balance between active and inactive hormones. These hormones are active in the blood (they work) only when they are free (i.e., not bound to SHBG). Therefore, as the concentration of this protein changes, so does the amount and effect of the active hormones. SHBG conc. may increase due to increased thyroid function and decrease due to excess insulin. Therefore, testing for this protein is important not only in the presence of sexual health problems, but may also be an indicator of thyroid dysfunction or early diabetes mellitus.
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Dihydrotestosterone is the main active male sex hormone that is made from testosterone. Dihydrotestosterone is several times stronger in its action, so testosterone only works when it is converted to dihydrotestosterone. This hormone is also responsible for the development of the male genitals and traits. Therefore, in case of impaired potency of men, decreased libido, and in women - increased hair loss, impaired menstruation, etc., it is important to test not only testosterone, but also dihydrotestosterone conc.
Albumin
Albumin is the main protein in the blood. It maintains the volume of circulating blood by regulating water uptake. It also carries a variety of substances (such as calcium, hormones, medications) throughout the body. Albumin is produced by the liver, so a deficiency in it can indicate liver problems. Albumin deficiency can cause swelling (due to less water binding) and other changes due to impaired transport of the above substances.
Zinc (Zn)
Zinc is important for normal growth, the immune system, and many other processes in the body. Zinc promotes cell growth and proliferation, is involved in enzyme metabolism. Without zinc, many vital processes would not take place in the body. Zinc is also called a beauty trace element, it maintains good condition of nails, hair and skin, it is extremely important in planning for the family and for men who take care of their health, because it ensures testosterone balance, it is essential for sperm production.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium and phosphorus and protects bones from thinning, osteoporosis and rickets. Vit. D is involved in growth and maturation processes, is crucial for the body's immunity - studies show that vit. D reduces the risk of allergies, diabetes, kidney, autoimmune and heart disease, respiratory infections, and even malignancies. Overdose vit. D may develop hypercalcemia, kidney disease, atherosclerosis. You may also suffer from fatigue, weight fluctuations, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. It is essential that you do not take vit for at least 3 days before the test. D supplements because they may distort the results of a laboratory blood test.
Calcium (Ca)
Calcium is one of the most important minerals in the human body, contained in the bones, involved in the process of blood clotting, important in the use of iron in hematopoiesis, necessary for the normal functioning of the nervous system, heart, and other muscles. When calcium levels fall, osteoporosis and rickets develop.
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme produced by the liver, kidneys, lungs, uterus, intestines and bones. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity usually indicates hepatic and renal dysfunction, such as biliary obstruction and inflammation, stone disease, cysts, liver cirrhosis, metastatic liver tumors, or primary liver cancer. The increase in alkaline phosphatase activity is closely related to the processes taking place in the bones. Pregnancy can also increase alkaline phosphatase levels. Alkaline phosphatase activity may be decreased due to anemia, deficiency of some vitamins and trace elements.
Magnesium (Mg)
Excess magnesium can be detected in kidney failure. In case of magnesium deficiency, nerve and muscle function is impaired, which is characterized by increased irritability, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness.
Folic acid
Folic acid is involved in the processes of blood and new cell formation. Folic acid is also essential for the body to grow and develop, undergo protein metabolism and DNA synthesis. Folic acid test performed in conjunction with vit. B12 test may show megaloblastic anemia. Lack of folic acid in the body disrupts the supply of essential substances to tissues and organs. Decreased folic acid may also indicate liver and intestinal diseases.
Vitamin B12 (active)
Vitamin B12 (active) - This vitamin makes up about a third of the simple vitamin B12, but most importantly, it is the active form of this vitamin. This means that it is the amount of this vitamin that affects various functions of the body. It is important to know that although the total amount of vitamin B12 may be normal, the active forms may be too low, which can lead to fatigue, anemia or nervous system disorders such as numbness in the arms and legs, 'running ants'. Therefore, the study of this active form is particularly important.
Natrium (Na)
Natrium is one of the main cationic electrolytes in the body, it helps to control the amount of water in the body, ensures smooth muscle and nerve activity. We get natrium with food and drink, and eliminate it with urine and sweat. Disorders of natrium levels in the blood are usually due to excessive salt intake, insufficient water intake, chronic kidney disease, diarrhea, vomiting. There is scientific evidence that high natrium concentrations influence the development of autoimmune diseases.
CRB - C reactive protein
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a substance produced by the liver in response to inflammation. High levels of CRP in the blood are a sign of inflammation. This can lead to a wide range of conditions, from infection to tumor processes, so a more detailed examination is needed in the presence of an elevated CRP marker.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ENG)
ESR deposition accelerates in anemia and slows due to polycythemia (too many cells in the blood). Acceleration of ESR is also associated with an increase in blood levels of fibrinogen as it is absorbed by erythrocytes, resulting in a decrease in their surface charge, leading to an increased risk of clot formation. This is the case with inflammation and infectious diseases. Cholesterol accelerates the deposition of red blood cells and lecithin slows it down. Physiologically, ESR increases during strenuous physical activity and in the second half of pregnancy.
Ferritin (FERRI)
Ferritin is a blood protein that contains iron. A ferritin test helps your doctor understand how much iron your body is accumulating. If a ferritin test shows that your blood ferritin levels are lower than they should, it indicates that your body has low levels of iron and you have an iron deficiency that needs to be corrected.
Iron (Fe)
Iron (Fe) - is involved in the formation of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and certain enzymes, and is responsible for transporting oxygen to tissues. In case of iron deficiency, blood levels of ferritin and transferrin should be determined before starting treatment. Iron deficiency causes anemia and excess iron causes hemochromatosis. Iron levels can change after lead or another heavy metal poisoning, some liver diseases, tuberculosis, oncological, and other chronic diseases. Iron deficiency can also occur in children due to rapid growth, in women due to menstruation, in pregnant women, loss of blood during childbirth, due to malnutrition, vit. C deficiency, etc.
Total iron bonding capacity (TIBC)
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) - This measure shows the ability of the blood to bind iron and carry it throughout the body. A similar indicator is transferrin saturation, which is more accurate. GSBG is one of the indicators used to diagnose anemia.
Transferin (Trans)
Transferin is a protein that transports iron from the digestive tract to the liver and bone marrow, where iron is used to make hemoglobin and store iron (in the form of ferritin). In iron deficiency, the concentration of transferrin increases as the body tries to compensate for the iron deficiency and transfer as much of it as possible to these organs. Conversely, as iron levels increase, transferrin decreases. Therefore, this indicator is important in diagnosing anemia.
Lipase
Lipase is one of the enzymes produced and secreted by the pancreas. This enzyme is important for easier digestion of fats in the gut. Increase of this enzyme is important in the case of acute pancreatitis or others disorders of the pancreas, stomach, gallbladder. It's best to do this test with amylase and pancreatic alpha-amylase.
Gamaglutamyltransferase (GGT)
Liver enzyme and one of the most sensitive indicators of liver damage. Gamaglutamyltransferase indicates the presence of pathology but does not indicate the cause of the lesion. Increases may be associated with liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis) as well as other conditions (heart failure, diabetes, inflammation of the pancreas, alcohol, or medication). Even a single alcohol consumption can lead to an increase in gamaglutamyltransferase activity, so it is recommended not to drink alcohol for 24 hours before the test.
SPA
It is a test performed to determine blood clotting and the condition of the entire clotting system. Prothrombin is a plasma protein, an indicator of blood clotting. The study is performed preoperatively and is also used to monitor patients taking oral anticoagulants. SPA blood testing is important in assessing liver function, diagnosing DIK syndrome, assessing vitamin K deficiency.
Urea (UREA)
Urea (UREA) is the final product of protein metabolism and one of the most important indicators of renal function. When renal function is impaired, both filtration and "reabsorption", urea concentrations increase extremely early. The study is performed in conjunction with a creatinine (CREA) study. Creatinine is often a more specific test, but it may not show some kidney disease. Increases in urea levels are associated with renal insufficiency, and decreases in hepatic impairment.
Total protein (TP)
Proteins in our body transport substances and regulate their metabolism, help eliminate toxins, strengthen immunity. They are crucial for cell regeneration processes - replacing old cells with new ones. Proteins form or are included in the body's hormones and enzymes. Total protein is an indicator that is determined as one of the parameters for assessing the general condition of the patient. Protein in the blood decreases due to malnutrition, diseases of the intestine, pancreas, liver, with impaired renal function. Parameters also increase in the presence of swelling, burns, pregnancy. The rate increases with fluid loss, some autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation of the liver, and medication.
Total bilirubin
It is an indicator of liver and gallbladder activity, the increase of which manifests itself in jaundice. Total bilirubin is the sum of direct and indirect bilirubin. The increase in total bilirubin is usually associated with an increase in indirect bilirubin, therefore the test should be performed in conjunction with the direct bilirubin test and the amount of indirect bilirubin calculated.
Transferrin saturation
Transferrin saturation is the percentage of transferrin to which iron is bound. This test is much more accurate than iron and ferritin or TIBC alone, and is therefore recommended for the diagnosis of anemia.
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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ENG)
ESR deposition accelerates in anemia and slows due to polycythemia (too many cells in the blood). Acceleration of ESR is also associated with an increase in blood levels of fibrinogen as it is absorbed by erythrocytes, resulting in a decrease in their surface charge, leading to an increased risk of clot formation. This is the case with inflammation and infectious diseases. Cholesterol accelerates the deposition of red blood cells and lecithin slows it down. Physiologically, ESR increases during strenuous physical activity and in the second half of pregnancy.
Total protein (TP)
Proteins in our body transport substances and regulate their metabolism, help eliminate toxins, strengthen immunity. They are crucial for cell regeneration processes - replacing old cells with new ones. Proteins form or are included in the body's hormones and enzymes. Total protein is an indicator that is determined as one of the parameters for assessing the general condition of the patient. Protein in the blood decreases due to malnutrition, diseases of the intestine, pancreas, liver, with impaired renal function. Parameters also increase in the presence of swelling, burns, pregnancy. The rate increases with fluid loss, some autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation of the liver, and medication.
Free triiodothyronine LT3 (FT3)
Free triiodothyronine (FT3) is a thyroid hormone that works with free thyroxine (FT4) throughout the body. Free triiodothyronine is measured in conjunction with thyrotropic hormone (TTH) and free thyroxine (FT4) assays. Detection of free hormones is a more sensitive and specific indicator of thyroid function than general ones (T3). If the free thyroxine level is normal and the thyroid hormone is reduced, free triiodothyronine should be tested. Elevated FT3 levels allow the diagnosis of triiodothyronine toxicosis. Testing for free triiodothyronine is also recommended if tachycardia (more frequent than normal heart rate) or musculoskeletal disorders is detected.
Free thyroxine LT4 (FT4)
Free thyroxine (FT4), a thyroid hormone that works with free triiodothyronine (FT3) throughout the body, regulates metabolism in the body. Free thyroxine is usually detected in combination with thyrotropic hormone (TTH). An increase in free thyroxine and a decrease in thyrotropic hormone are indicators of increased thyroid function. A decrease in free thyroxine and an increase in thyrotropic hormone indicate insufficient thyroid function. Detection of free hormones is a more sensitive and specific indicator of thyroid function than general ones.
Thyroid microsomal antibodies (MA, ATPO)
Anti-TPO is an indicator for diagnosing and monitoring autoimmune thyroid diseases. The test helps detect hypothyroidism (decreased production of thyroid hormones). Elevated levels of Anti-TPO indicate a predisposition to hypothyroidism and therefore require constant monitoring of thyroid hormones. Testing for antibodies to thyroid peroxidase is particularly important in pregnant women. As many as 8-10% of women have thyroid problems after giving birth, so it is very important to detect them in advance and take preventive measures.
Cortisol (COR in the morning)
Cortisol performs several functions in the body: stimulates the release of glucose, stimulates metabolism and their breakdown, the nervous system's response to stressors, inhibits inflammation, stimulates the secretion of gastric juice. Accidental determination of cortisol levels can be misleading, especially if it is determined without regard to emotional stress, hypoglycemia, the possibility of pregnancy, or if interpreted without regard to diurnal fluctuations. In the morning, the maximum cortisol concentration is determined.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is involved in the processes of the nervous system, genetics, red blood cell formation, and cell division. It also regulates the accumulation of food energy in muscle tissue and hematopoiesis, activates folic acid, lowers blood cholesterol. When the body lacks vit. B12, impaired cell division, decreased erythrocytes, platelets, new forms of erythrocytes appear. A decrease in the indicator indicates malnutrition, megaloblastic anemia, intestinal or nervous system diseases. The main vit. Symptoms of B12 deficiency or folic acid deficient anemia include fatigue, drowsiness, and lack of energy.
Folic acid
Folic acid is involved in the processes of blood and new cell formation. Folic acid is also essential for the body to grow and develop, undergo protein metabolism and DNA synthesis. Folic acid test performed in conjunction with vit. B12 test may show megaloblastic anemia. Lack of folic acid in the body disrupts the supply of essential substances to tissues and organs. Decreased folic acid may also indicate liver and intestinal diseases.
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Creatine kinase (CK-NAC)
Creatine kinase is a protein found in muscles and the brain. Creatine kinase is usually detected by assessing muscle tissue pathology. Creatine kinase activity is increased in the presence of Duchenne myodystrophy, muscle trauma, exercise, and so on.
Urea (UREA)
Urea (UREA) is the final product of protein metabolism and one of the most important indicators of renal function. When renal function is impaired, both filtration and "reabsorption", urea concentrations increase extremely early. The study is performed in conjunction with a creatinine (CREA) study. Creatinine is often a more specific test, but it may not show some kidney disease. Increases in urea levels are associated with renal insufficiency, and decreases in hepatic impairment.
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Troponin
It is the most specific marker of myocardial damage detected during myocardial infarction. In unclear cases, the detection of Troponin - T may help to confirm or rule out a diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Therefore, whenever a myocardial infarction is suspected and the ECG does not show typical features, a blood test for Troponin - T is recommended.
NT/proBNP
The NT-proBNP study assesses how stressed and tired the heart muscle is. The first signs of heart muscle failure - chronic fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath - can be felt much later than when the heart muscle is vulnerable. The NT-proBNP test allows the diagnosis of acute or chronic heart failure. The NT-proBNP study is recommended for patients over 55 years of age with long-term hypertension, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction and stroke, and coronary heart disease.
D-Dimers
D-Dimers are the dissolution products of the clot component. The test is intended to determine the concentration of fibrin degradation products. It is a laboratory indicator that makes it possible to rule out pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. A positive D-Dimer test indicates the development and detection of DIK syndrome or other vascular thrombosis. Concentrations of D-dimers may also increase in the presence of myocardial infarction, malignancies, unstable angina, due to surgery, as well as in the last months of pregnancy and after childbirth.
Blood disease prevention
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Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is involved in the processes of the nervous system, genetics, red blood cell formation, and cell division. It also regulates the accumulation of food energy in muscle tissue and hematopoiesis, activates folic acid, lowers blood cholesterol. When the body lacks vit. B12, impaired cell division, decreased erythrocytes, platelets, new forms of erythrocytes appear. A decrease in the indicator indicates malnutrition, megaloblastic anemia, intestinal or nervous system diseases. The main vit. Symptoms of B12 deficiency or folic acid deficient anemia include fatigue, drowsiness, and lack of energy.
Folic acid
Folic acid is involved in the processes of blood and new cell formation. Folic acid is also essential for the body to grow and develop, undergo protein metabolism and DNA synthesis. Folic acid test performed in conjunction with vit. B12 test may show megaloblastic anemia. Lack of folic acid in the body disrupts the supply of essential substances to tissues and organs. Decreased folic acid may also indicate liver and intestinal diseases.
Hormone disease prevention
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Free thyroxine LT4 (FT4)
Free thyroxine (FT4), a thyroid hormone that works with free triiodothyronine (FT3) throughout the body, regulates metabolism in the body. Free thyroxine is usually detected in combination with thyrotropic hormone (TTH). An increase in free thyroxine and a decrease in thyrotropic hormone are indicators of increased thyroid function. A decrease in free thyroxine and an increase in thyrotropic hormone indicate insufficient thyroid function. Detection of free hormones is a more sensitive and specific indicator of thyroid function than general ones.
Free triiodothyronine LT3 (FT3)
Free triiodothyronine (FT3) is a thyroid hormone that works with free thyroxine (FT4) throughout the body. Free triiodothyronine is measured in conjunction with thyrotropic hormone (TTH) and free thyroxine (FT4) assays. Detection of free hormones is a more sensitive and specific indicator of thyroid function than general ones (T3). If the free thyroxine level is normal and the thyroid hormone is reduced, free triiodothyronine should be tested. Elevated FT3 levels allow the diagnosis of triiodothyronine toxicosis. Testing for free triiodothyronine is also recommended if tachycardia (more frequent than normal heart rate) or musculoskeletal disorders is detected.
Thyroid microsomal antibodies (MA, ATPO)
Anti-TPO is an indicator for diagnosing and monitoring autoimmune thyroid diseases. The test helps detect hypothyroidism (decreased production of thyroid hormones). Elevated levels of Anti-TPO indicate a predisposition to hypothyroidism and therefore require constant monitoring of thyroid hormones. Testing for antibodies to thyroid peroxidase is particularly important in pregnant women. As many as 8-10% of women have thyroid problems after giving birth, so it is very important to detect them in advance and take preventive measures.
Diabetes
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Glycosylated hemoglobin % (HbA1c)
Glycosylated hemoglobin shows the average blood glucose level in the last 4-8 weeks. This test is more accurate and valuable than a regular test for blood glucose. Hemoglobin is a blood protein that, when blood glucose levels rise, it binds to hemoglobin throughout its life. The glycosylated hemoglobin test is valuable for the long-term control of diabetes because the higher its blood levels, the greater the risk of diabetic complications. It is recommended that people with diabetes be tested at least 4 times a year.
Digestive disease prevention
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Total protein (TP)
Proteins in our body transport substances and regulate their metabolism, help eliminate toxins, strengthen immunity. They are crucial for cell regeneration processes - replacing old cells with new ones. Proteins form or are included in the body's hormones and enzymes. Total protein is an indicator that is determined as one of the parameters for assessing the general condition of the patient. Protein in the blood decreases due to malnutrition, diseases of the intestine, pancreas, liver, with impaired renal function. Parameters also increase in the presence of swelling, burns, pregnancy. The rate increases with fluid loss, some autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation of the liver, and medication.
Gamaglutamyltransferase (GGT)
Liver enzyme and one of the most sensitive indicators of liver damage. Gamaglutamyltransferase indicates the presence of pathology but does not indicate the cause of the lesion. Increases may be associated with liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis) as well as other conditions (heart failure, diabetes, inflammation of the pancreas, alcohol, or medication). Even a single alcohol consumption can lead to an increase in gamaglutamyltransferase activity, so it is recommended not to drink alcohol for 24 hours before the test.
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme produced by the liver, kidneys, lungs, uterus, intestines and bones. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity usually indicates hepatic and renal dysfunction, such as biliary obstruction and inflammation, stone disease, cysts, liver cirrhosis, metastatic liver tumors, or primary liver cancer. The increase in alkaline phosphatase activity is closely related to the processes taking place in the bones. Pregnancy can also increase alkaline phosphatase levels. Alkaline phosphatase activity may be decreased due to anemia, deficiency of some vitamins and trace elements.
Fibrinogen
It is a plasma protein that is involved in the process of blood clotting, limiting inflammation in the body. An increase in its concentration in the blood may indicate that an inflammatory process, intoxication, is taking place in the body. Fibrinogen levels are also elevated in the postoperative period, after trauma. Significantly increased concentrations may be in the presence of tumors or necrotic processes in the body in patients with systemic connective tissue diseases.
Helicobacter pylori
The growth of Helicobacter pylori (HP) bacteria on the inner walls of the stomach and duodenum can cause acute inflammation of the stomach, which can lead to ulcers. It has been proven that 90% of people with ulcers are infected with the HP bacterium. This infection may increase the risk of stomach cancer. It is very important to detect this infection as early as possible, it is easily cured with specific antibiotics. The easiest way to detect infection is to find specific antibodies produced by the immune system to defend itself after exposure to the bacterium.
Total bilirubin
It is an indicator of liver and gallbladder activity, the increase of which manifests itself in jaundice. Total bilirubin is the sum of direct and indirect bilirubin. The increase in total bilirubin is usually associated with an increase in indirect bilirubin, therefore the test should be performed in conjunction with the direct bilirubin test and the amount of indirect bilirubin calculated.
AMYL (serum alpha-amylase)
Total serum α-amylase is a mixture of pancreatic α-amylase and salivary gland α-amylase, a carbohydrate metabolising enzyme. Alpha-amylase is most active in the pancreas and salivary glands. Inflammation of both amylases may be associated with inflammation of the pancreas, blocked pancreatic ducts, pancreatic cancer, inflammation of the abdominal organs, or pathologies of the salivary glands. Differential diagnosis of acute surgical conditions is based on α-amylase testing. It is recommended that the test be performed prophylactically as one of the indicators of liver function. Diagnosis and control of treatment is carried out periodically according to the doctor's instructions.
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that is widely distributed in tissues, mainly the heart, liver, muscles and kidneys. Excreted into the bloodstream in the presence of cell damage. An LDH test is usually performed on suspicion of an acute or chronic disease that causes tissue and cell damage. The study is designed to detect diseases of the kidneys, pancreas, liver, heart muscle, suspected of various muscle tissue damage and atrophy.
Muscoskeletal disease prevention
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Creatine kinase (CK-NAC)
Creatine kinase is a protein found in muscles and the brain. Creatine kinase is usually detected by assessing muscle tissue pathology. Creatine kinase activity is increased in the presence of Duchenne myodystrophy, muscle trauma, exercise, and so on.
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
Insignificant amounts of ANA do not cause autoimmune disease and can be found every time in our body. ANA levels are markedly increased in autoimmune diseases: connective tissue and others. ANA is a valuable laboratory marker for the selection of these diseases. If a negative ANA test is obtained, autoimmune connective tissue disease can be ruled out. If a positive result is obtained, additional, confirmatory, or rebuttal studies can be targeted.
Uric acid
This is a significant study in assessing renal function, nucleic acid metabolism, and risk of rheumatic diseases. Uric acid is excreted through the kidneys and intestines. If the concentration of uric acid in the blood increases, then the functions of these organs are impaired. When uric acid accumulates in the blood, its salts are deposited in the joints, kidneys, internal organs and tissues. Crystals are formed and inflammation develops. Elevated blood uric acid levels are found in leukemia, diabetes, gout, renal failure, starvation. Decreased uric acid levels are characteristic of hypertension, damage to the renal tubules, with the use of certain medications.
Rheumatoid factor (RF)
It is a convenient test for the diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of the disease of joint diseases. During inflammatory events, complexes of antibodies and antigens are formed, which settle in the joint tissue, leading to the subsequent destruction of the joint. One of the key indicators used to diagnose this disease is the rheumatoid factor (RF). This factor may also increase in other diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, connective tissue diseases and chronic infections.
Urinary system
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Urea (UREA)
Urea (UREA) is the final product of protein metabolism and one of the most important indicators of renal function. When renal function is impaired, both filtration and "reabsorption", urea concentrations increase extremely early. The study is performed in conjunction with a creatinine (CREA) study. Creatinine is often a more specific test, but it may not show some kidney disease. Increases in urea levels are associated with renal insufficiency, and decreases in hepatic impairment.
Uric acid
This is a significant study in assessing renal function, nucleic acid metabolism, and risk of rheumatic diseases. Uric acid is excreted through the kidneys and intestines. If the concentration of uric acid in the blood increases, then the functions of these organs are impaired. When uric acid accumulates in the blood, its salts are deposited in the joints, kidneys, internal organs and tissues. Crystals are formed and inflammation develops. Elevated blood uric acid levels are found in leukemia, diabetes, gout, renal failure, starvation. Decreased uric acid levels are characteristic of hypertension, damage to the renal tubules, with the use of certain medications.
Ultra Runners
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Zinc (Zn)
Zinc is important for normal growth, the immune system, and many other processes in the body. Zinc promotes cell growth and proliferation, is involved in enzyme metabolism. Without zinc, many vital processes would not take place in the body. Zinc is also called a beauty trace element, it maintains good condition of nails, hair and skin, it is extremely important in planning for the family and for men who take care of their health, because it ensures testosterone balance, it is essential for sperm production.
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme produced by the liver, kidneys, lungs, uterus, intestines and bones. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity usually indicates hepatic and renal dysfunction, such as biliary obstruction and inflammation, stone disease, cysts, liver cirrhosis, metastatic liver tumors, or primary liver cancer. The increase in alkaline phosphatase activity is closely related to the processes taking place in the bones. Pregnancy can also increase alkaline phosphatase levels. Alkaline phosphatase activity may be decreased due to anemia, deficiency of some vitamins and trace elements.
Gamaglutamyltransferase (GGT)
Liver enzyme and one of the most sensitive indicators of liver damage. Gamaglutamyltransferase indicates the presence of pathology but does not indicate the cause of the lesion. Increases may be associated with liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis) as well as other conditions (heart failure, diabetes, inflammation of the pancreas, alcohol, or medication). Even a single alcohol consumption can lead to an increase in gamaglutamyltransferase activity, so it is recommended not to drink alcohol for 24 hours before the test.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is involved in the processes of the nervous system, genetics, red blood cell formation, and cell division. It also regulates the accumulation of food energy in muscle tissue and hematopoiesis, activates folic acid, lowers blood cholesterol. When the body lacks vit. B12, impaired cell division, decreased erythrocytes, platelets, new forms of erythrocytes appear. A decrease in the indicator indicates malnutrition, megaloblastic anemia, intestinal or nervous system diseases. The main vit. Symptoms of B12 deficiency or folic acid deficient anemia include fatigue, drowsiness, and lack of energy.
Folic acid
Folic acid is involved in the processes of blood and new cell formation. Folic acid is also essential for the body to grow and develop, undergo protein metabolism and DNA synthesis. Folic acid test performed in conjunction with vit. B12 test may show megaloblastic anemia. Lack of folic acid in the body disrupts the supply of essential substances to tissues and organs. Decreased folic acid may also indicate liver and intestinal diseases.
Total bilirubin
It is an indicator of liver and gallbladder activity, the increase of which manifests itself in jaundice. Total bilirubin is the sum of direct and indirect bilirubin. The increase in total bilirubin is usually associated with an increase in indirect bilirubin, therefore the test should be performed in conjunction with the direct bilirubin test and the amount of indirect bilirubin calculated.
LDH lactate dehydrogenase
Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that is widely distributed in tissues, mainly the heart, liver, muscles and kidneys. Excreted into the bloodstream in the presence of cell damage. An LDH test is usually performed on suspicion of an acute or chronic disease that causes tissue and cell damage. The study is designed to detect diseases of the kidneys, pancreas, liver, heart muscle, suspected of various muscle tissue damage and atrophy.
Creatine kinase (CK-NAC)
Creatine kinase is a protein found in muscles and the brain. Creatine kinase is usually detected by assessing muscle tissue pathology. Creatine kinase activity is increased in the presence of Duchenne myodystrophy, muscle trauma, exercise, and so on.
Homocysteine
Homocysteine is a protein that has a significant effect on the circulatory system. Elevated plasma concentrations of homocysteine are considered to be risk factors for arterial wall damage and vascular disease, especially cardiac, cerebral and peripheral circulatory diseases, as well as cancer, diabetes, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and others.
Glycosylated hemoglobin % (HbA1c)
Glycosylated hemoglobin shows the average blood glucose level in the last 4-8 weeks. This test is more accurate and valuable than a regular test for blood glucose. Hemoglobin is a blood protein that, when blood glucose levels rise, it binds to hemoglobin throughout its life. The glycosylated hemoglobin test is valuable for the long-term control of diabetes because the higher its blood levels, the greater the risk of diabetic complications. It is recommended that people with diabetes be tested at least 4 times a year.
Runners
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Homocysteine
Homocysteine is a protein that has a significant effect on the circulatory system. Elevated plasma concentrations of homocysteine are considered to be risk factors for arterial wall damage and vascular disease, especially cardiac, cerebral and peripheral circulatory diseases, as well as cancer, diabetes, depression, Alzheimer's disease, and others.
Zinc (Zn)
Zinc is important for normal growth, the immune system, and many other processes in the body. Zinc promotes cell growth and proliferation, is involved in enzyme metabolism. Without zinc, many vital processes would not take place in the body. Zinc is also called a beauty trace element, it maintains good condition of nails, hair and skin, it is extremely important in planning for the family and for men who take care of their health, because it ensures testosterone balance, it is essential for sperm production.
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme produced by the liver, kidneys, lungs, uterus, intestines and bones. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity usually indicates hepatic and renal dysfunction, such as biliary obstruction and inflammation, stone disease, cysts, liver cirrhosis, metastatic liver tumors, or primary liver cancer. The increase in alkaline phosphatase activity is closely related to the processes taking place in the bones. Pregnancy can also increase alkaline phosphatase levels. Alkaline phosphatase activity may be decreased due to anemia, deficiency of some vitamins and trace elements.